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Serious Effect
Date assessed from the facts that musician/guitarist Tim Pierce said that “All the time I kept telling Michael that we had to have a rap, and he brought in rappers like LL Cool J who were performing on other songs. Somehow, I didn’t have access to them for ‘Black or White’, and it was getting later and later and I wanted the song to be done.” (Mike Smallcombe, Making Michael) and Summer 1990 is the confirmed recording date for “Black or White”, confirmed by Mike Smallcombe’s “Making Michael”
Serious Effect: